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MySQL逻辑备份into outfile_Mysql_
2023-05-26
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简介 MySQL逻辑备份into outfile_Mysql_
逻辑数据导出（备份）
用法：
select xxx into outfile '/path/file' from table_name; mysql>select * into outfile '/back/emp3.sql' from emp;
无论是什么存储引擎，本身是一种数据导出的方法，同时可以用来辅助备份，它可以对一个表的其中一列或者某几列做备份，如果是多列的话用逗号隔开
逻辑数据导入（恢复）
方法一：
load data local infile '/path/file' into table table_name; mysql> load data local infile '/back/emp.sql' into table emp;
说明：该方法要求在编译数据库时要加上--enable-local-infile参数才可以使用
方法二：
# mysqlimport dbname /path/filename
说明：filename 必须和数据库里面表名一样
综合示例
例一
# 创建表 mysql> create table t1(id int, name varchar(32)); # 插入数据 mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'haha'),(2,'wowo'),(3,'lili'),(4,'yoyo'); # 查看表 mysql> select * from t1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | haha | | 2 | wowo | | 3 | lili | | 4 | yoyo | +------+------+ # 备份 mysql> select id, name into outfile '/tmp/back_mysql' from t1; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看备份
[root@Admin ~]# cat /tmp/back_mysql 1 haha 2 wowo 3 lili 4 yoyo
删除数据并测试
mysql> delete from t1 where id=3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from t1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | haha | | 2 | wowo | | 4 | yoyo | +------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> load data local infile '/tmp/back_mysql' into table t1; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t1; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1 | haha | | 2 | wowo | | 4 | yoyo | | 1 | haha | | 2 | wowo | | 3 | lili | | 4 | yoyo | +------+------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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例二
创建一个表，把系统里的/etc/passwd导入数据库
create table password( username varchar(40), password char(5), uid int, gid int, comment varchar(30), homedir varchar(30), shell varchar(30));
处理passwd文件，将：替换成制表符
[root@Admin ~]# sed -n 's/:/\t/gp' /etc/passwd >/tmp/passwd
导入数据库
方法一：
mysql> load data local infile '/tmp/passwd' into table password;
mysql> select * from password; +---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+ | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell | +---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+ | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash | | bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin | | daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin | | adm | x | 3 | 4 | adm | /var/adm | /sbin/nologin | | lp | x | 4 | 7 | lp | /var/spool/lpd | /sbin/nologin | | sync | x | 5 | 0 | sync | /sbin | /bin/sync | | shutdown | x | 6 | 0 | shutdown | /sbin | /sbin/shutdown | | halt | x | 7 | 0 | halt | /sbin | /sbin/halt | | mail | x | 8 | 12 | mail | /var/spool/mail | /sbin/nologin | | uucp | x | 10 | 14 | uucp | /var/spool/uucp | /sbin/nologin | | operator | x | 11 | 0 | operator | /root | /sbin/nologin | | games | x | 12 | 100 | games | /usr/games | /sbin/nologin | | gopher | x | 13 | 30 | gopher | /var/gopher | /sbin/nologin | | ftp | x | 14 | 50 | FTP User | /var/ftp | /sbin/nologin | | nobody | x | 99 | 99 | Nobody | / | /sbin/nologin | | dbus | x | 81 | 81 | System message bus | / | /sbin/nologin | | usbmuxd | x | 113 | 113 | usbmuxd user | / | /sbin/nologin | | rpc | x | 32 | 32 | Rpcbind Daemon | /var/lib/rpcbind | /sbin/nologin | | rtkit | x | 499 | 499 | RealtimeKit | /proc | /sbin/nologin | | avahi-autoipd | x | 170 | 170 | Avahi IPv4LL Stack | /var/lib/avahi-autoipd | /sbin/nologin | | vcsa | x | 69 | 69 | virtual console memory owner | /dev | /sbin/nologin | | abrt | x | 173 | 173 | | /etc/abrt | /sbin/nologin | | rpcuser | x | 29 | 29 | RPC Service User | /var/lib/nfs | /sbin/nologin | | nfsnobody | x | 65534 | 65534 | Anonymous NFS User | /var/lib/nfs | /sbin/nologin | | haldaemon | x | 68 | 68 | HAL daemon | / | /sbin/nologin | | ntp | x | 38 | 38 | | /etc/ntp | /sbin/nologin | | apache | x | 48 | 48 | Apache | /var/www | /sbin/nologin | | saslauth | x | 498 | 76 | Saslauthd user | /var/empty/saslauth | /sbin/nologin | | postfix | x | 89 | 89 | | /var/spool/postfix | /sbin/nologin | | gdm | x | 42 | 42 | | /var/lib/gdm | /sbin/nologin | | pulse | x | 497 | 496 | PulseAudio System Daemon | /var/run/pulse | /sbin/nologin | | sshd | x | 74 | 74 | Privilege-separated SSH | /var/empty/sshd | /sbin/nologin | | tcpdump | x | 72 | 72 | | / | /sbin/nologin | | mysql | x | 27 | 27 | MySQL Server | /var/lib/mysql | /bin/bash | +---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+
方法二：
通过mysqlimport进行导入
注意：导入的文件名必须和表名一样
[root@Admin ~]# cp /etc/passwd /tmp/password [root@Admin ~]# mysqlimport --fields-terminated-by=':' --lines-terminated-by='\n' login '/tmp/password' login.password: Records: 34 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
说明：文件不需处理， 通过--fields-terminated-by=':' 和 --lines-terminated-by='\n' 将passwd文件中的冒号替换为制表符
mysql> select * from password; +---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+ | username | password | uid | gid | comment | homedir | shell | +---------------+----------+-------+-------+------------------------------+------------------------+----------------+ | root | x | 0 | 0 | root | /root | /bin/bash | | bin | x | 1 | 1 | bin | /bin | /sbin/nologin | | daemon | x | 2 | 2 | daemon | /sbin | /sbin/nologin | | adm | x | 3 | 4 | adm | /var/adm | /sbin/nologin | | lp | x | 4 | 7 | lp | /var/spool/lpd | /sbin/nologin | | sync | x | 5 | 0 | sync | /sbin | /bin/sync | | shutdown | x | 6 | 0 | shutdown | /sbin | /sbin/shutdown | | halt | x | 7 | 0 | halt | /sbin | /sbin/halt | | mail | x | 8 | 12 | mail | /var/spool/mail | /sbin/nologin | | uucp | x | 10 | 14 | uucp | /var/spool/uucp | /sbin/nologin | | operator | x | 11 | 0 | operator | /root | /sbin/nologin | | games | x | 12 | 100 | games | /usr/games | /sbin/nologin | | gopher | x | 13 | 30 | gopher | /var/gopher | /sbin/nologin | | ftp | x | 14 | 50 | FTP User | /var/ftp | /sbin/nologin | | nobody | x | 99 | 99 | Nobody | / | /sbin/nologin | | dbus | x | 81 | 81 | System message bus | / | /sbin/nologin
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